Revised 3/9/04
UNOLS 2004 Ship Scheduling Meeting
July 23-24, 2003
Appendices
I Agenda
II Participants
IIIa Large vessel schedules timeline(pdf version 92.3K)
IIIb Submergence facilities timeline(pdf version 44.5K)
IV Potential EWING Trackline(pdf version 373K)
V Potential ENDEAVOR Trackline(pdf version 544 K)
VI Presentation by Ken Hollingshead on MMPA
VII Presentation by Mi Ae Kim on Endangered Species Act
a) pdf version (65.2 K)
b) Powerpoint presentation (439 K)
The UNOLS Scheduling meeting
took place at The National Science Foundation, in Arlington, VA
on July 23 from 0830 – 1900 and on July 24 from 0830 – 1200.
In addition to the ship scheduling deliberations, presentations were made regarding MMPA and ESA permitting by NMFS personnel, a lunch time presentation was made regarding the Regional Class Research Vessel planning effort (Attendees). Security issues were discussed. Plans, equipment and software for the new UNOLS Scheduling, facility request data information unit development were discussed. Lastly, nominations were made for new SSC Chair and Vice-Chair. Scripps schedulers Liz Brenner and Rose Dufour were nominated for Chair and WHOI scheduler Jon Alberts was nominated for Vice-Chair. Vote will be by email because many schedulers had left or were not present at the meeting such that a quorum was not available. If elected Liz and Rose will job share the Chair position in the same efficient way that they job share their scheduling chores. They still only get one vote on the UNOLS council.
The following notes refer to the individual ship schedules presented in the Letters of Intent:
ALPHA HELIX
Cowen is funded. Kingston still pending.
Kotlarov and Konar won’t
go until 2005 and both are pending. Kotlarov
proposal number is OCE-0340510. Konar is DEB,
number not given. Use J. Grebmeier’s name and
proposal number OPP-0125082 for Aagaard’s
cruises. Weingartner ship funding should
be split between NOAA and NSF. Hunt is funded.
CLIFFORD BARNES
Some of the THOMPSON UW education cruises may end up on BARNES. Murray
(OCE-0221714) is a decline. Some additional State cruises may show up.
All requests are covered. There may be some carry forward requested for
Frost. Total days without Murray is 79.
BLUE HERON
McKay is funded. A very conservative schedule, totaling
13 days. More days to come, according to Doug
Ricketts.
CAPE HATTERAS
Byrne’s Apex predators cruise is double booked with LONGHORN. PI will
make decision on which vessel he will use. Fleming, if funded, may have
one cruise with Harbor Branch and two on CAPE HATTERAS. Jeff Weissel is requesting two extra days on his cruise.
Include transits on next edition.
CAPE HENLOPEN
Yang, Boyd, Goff (all Navy) are still pending.
Sharp (NSF OCE-0327629) declined. Sharp (NOAA) funding
status not known. Gawarkiewicz, NSF funded
for 14 days to be included in schedule.
LONGHORN
Byrne double booked with CAPE HATTERAS. PI will make decision.
PELICAN
PUT STR LINKS ON LETTERS OF INTENT WHEN AVAILABLE!! Is Singer SAIC
double booked with LONGHORN? Check with Fredericq
on # of science and transit days requested; verify which cruise, how many science
days, how many port days are involved. Is this the 2003 cruise deferred
into 2004? Thorsos appears to be a two-ship
op with HBOI ships. Cruises should be coordinated with PI and operators.
POINT SUR
Dickey MoSEA is funded. Boyd is still pending.
Bruland cruise has to be coordinated with Hickey’s
cruise which is simultaneous with a WECOMA cruise. This becomes more important
with WECOMA’s schedule becoming more complex.
CalCOFI (NOAA) cruise for Collins is still pending.
Some or all of Collins’ Hoke Seamount and
SAVANNAH
NOAA and NASA days are still pending. Okay to add transit day to each
of Sautter’s NSF cruises. All NSF cruises are
funded.
SPROUL
Hildebrand not funded for 20 day Navy Marine Mammal cruise. Is funded for
4 days on SPROUL (and 20 days on NEW HORIZON). Hildebrand California Current
request is still pending. Kuperman funded through
science and not through ONR. Pineda has a total of 18 days. No carry
forwards from any past years. Babcock # is 9907905.
URRACA
Glynn funded, but for a total of 15 days only.
WALTON SMITH
Bowen is funded but should remain as pending because of coordination problems
for two-ship ops and Navy asset use. Visscher
has moved from 2003 to 2004 (7 days) and from 2005 to 2006 (7 days). Proposal
number is EAR 0311929 and STR number is 20021125110634WX.
WEATHERBIRD II
Knap has a total of 90 days. McGillicuddy
needs two cruises, not one in 2004. Both have to be coordinated with OCEANUS
schedule.
GYRE
Santschi and Zhang NSF projects are both declines.
DiMarco’s NOAA cruise is funded. Benfield’s
NOAA project is declined. Bowen, Navy two-ship ops with WALTON SMITH is
not on schedule and should be added.
ENDEAVOR
Vernon (also booked on both HBOI ships), can’t have OBS’s
before March. Clearance request needs to be submitted right away. May
be able to switch Vernon and Cutter and resolve this. Benetti
is a decline. Detrick needs two transit days
added on. Webb’s seismic station is funded. Pickart
is ok with ENDEAVOR if icebreaker is not available. If Pickart goes on an icebreaker it will cause a large transit
for Frye.
NEW HORIZON
Hildebrand (Feb Marine Mammal - Navy) funded. Will need
2-5 transit days. Hildebrand (Jul Predictive Modeling - Navy) will
not be funded by ONR; may be funded by other Navy program or by NOAA (Venrick). Stein still pending.
Sessions may need Jumbo Piston Core, so might not work off NEW HORIZON. Creates problem for JPC and large ship scheduling. Need
discussion with Sessions to determine actual requirements and whether or not
an intermediate ship will work. Prahl
OCEANUS
McGillicuddy’s NOAA cruise should be 11 days (?)
McGillicuddy’s NSF cruises need to be coordinated
with WEATHERBIRD II. Has room for work in Oct-Dec time frame.
SEWARD JOHNSON
Christeson cruise
is a two-ship op with EWING. OBS’s are available.
Vernon cruise too early. McLean still pending; decision
due by fall. Thorsos is a two-ship operation
with PELICAN.
SEWARD JOHNSON II
Thompson proposal # BES 0330220 is still pending. Vernon cruise on SJII
is in good time slot but double booked with ENDEAVOR. Clearance request needs
to be submitted right away. Widder a plus up,
funded through science program - six days? Is a transit day needed?
Pomponi is pending and a decision is due in late fall.
Need to check with Fisher on number of science days needed, also for 2005. Fisher
needs OE funding for submersible. T. Frank is pending. If funding is approved,
she can go in 2004. Youngbluth’s Gulf of Maine
work deferred from 2003. Has Fleming 3rd cruise here. CAPE
HATTERAS has all Fleming cruises. Will coordinate if
Fleming gets funded. Need to confirm number of days for Owsley.
WECOMA
Hickey ECOHAB will go on WECOMA. Program Managers should make it clear whether
or not this project will be approved for larger ships in the future. Hickey’s
CoOp cruise needs to be coordinated with POINT SUR.
Keil is a two-ship operation with BARNES. There
are many changes in the first half of CY. Taylor OBS recovery will go
on WECOMA in two legs. Other potential cruises to be considered
– Can Saltzman be scheduled on WECOMA? Can the Mercer/Baggeroer
coordination utilize WECOMA and a large ship? Can Mike Gregg’s NSF project be
scheduled on a smaller ship (WECOMA, NEW HORIZON or KILO MOANA
?)
A report was made by NOAA/NMFS representatives of the Office of Protected Resources, Ken Hollingshead, Mi Ae Kim and Roger Gentry; regarding permitting under the Marine Mammals Protection Act (MMPA) and the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The criteria for determining whether or not a permit application or consultation should take place was reviewed, followed by a review of those cruises that involved active seismic surveys.
Large Ships – (Includes KILO MOANA which is not a Class I ship, but has a schedule that is interconnected with the Class I ships in the Pacific.)
EWING: Schedule stands on its own for the most part with the exception of OBS availability and an early in the year two-ship operation with SEWARD JOHNSON. Permitting for seismic work is a major factor in the EWING schedule. Schedule starts in the Gulf of Mexico and then potentially goes to Alaska to cover two seismic cruises (Andronicos and Christeson) While there, EWING may be able to cover one or more non-MCS cruises. Yogodzinski requires dredging, mapping and SCS in the Aleutians during a three month weather window (June – Aug) and it might be acceptable for EWING to do this cruise. Otherwise it would be deferred. P. Stabeno has two cruises, in the western Gulf of Alaska, one in May and one in September/October. EWING has done these cruises in the past, but timing and the impact on scheduling subsequent cruises may not allow EWING to cover both. Depending on how much of the Alaska work EWING does, the schedule could become very full and the McGuire or Fulthorpe cruise would have to start in early 2005. McGuire has to be scheduled around OBS and OBS personnel availability. There is also a potential for additional work in the Gulf of Mexico, which would affect the timing of arrival in Alaska and eliminate the possibility of covering Stabeno’s early cruise and probably Yogodzinski.
ATLANTIS: Decision was made to defer Karson and move Pockalny to THOMPSON. Start ATLANTIS/ALVIN schedule on the NEPR followed by Coast Guard inspection and maintenance period in San Diego starting in mid to late April. Late spring through the end of September would take place in the PNW and Alaskan waters with an ABE cruise for McDuff, and Ocean Exploration cruise with ALVIN in the Gulf of Alaska, two buoy deployment cruises for Detrick and several ALVIN cruises on the JDF. These would be followed by a Cary, et al cruise on the NEPR. This schedule is still somewhat light with a hole in May and at the end of the year. What about doing the Weller buoy recovery from ATLANTIS?
KILO MOANA: Starts the year around Hawaii with Buesseler test cruise and overhaul/upgrade work. After covering a Paul Verdugo cruise, they would deploy to Lau Basin for 1st in the series of four Lau Basin Ridge 2000 cruises for Martinez using DSL 120. DSL 120 would be delivered to Suva by THOMPSON after Pockalny; enroute from Easter Island to Guam. The remainder of the KILO MOANA schedule is still somewhat uncertain, except that we are counting on using KM for the Wells cruise which is a two- ship operation with a Japanese R/V and must take place from July 15 through mid August. KILO MOANA would also cover the 2nd Lau Basin cruise at a time not to interfere with Wells and when ABE was available. Other cruises for the KILO MOANA schedule include a second Buesseler cruise, potentially a cruise for Saltzman and a two- ship operation for Baggeroer, which must be coordinated with a Mercer cruise on MELVILLE. KM would cover HOTS cruises when possible.
MELVILLE: Start the year with Fly River,
PNG work for Nittrouer et al, Driscoll and Droxler, ending around May 30. Next would be a trip
to
REVELLE: Starts the year off Central
America and
THOMPSON: Starts the year with Pockalny ROV work on the SEPR, transits to Guam for Embley/Urabe ROV work if approved, dropping off the DSL 120
enroute. Alternatives to the Guam work would
be Bach in PNG or the Gregg work off Hawaii. Next would be the Watts work
off of
KNORR: Will conduct coring cruises for Keigwin (2), Norris and Holbrook. Also scheduled are a northern cruise for Craig Lee and two cruises on the MAR. The MAR cruises are for Reves-Sohn and Maurice Tivey, both of which need an ROV. Availability of an ROV is an issue and an attempt to employ the UK ISIS system will be pursued. M. Tivey also needs ABE which must be scheduled in coordination with Langmuir and McDuff. The KNORR schedule is somewhat light and could cover other work if necessary.
A tentative timeline for these vessels is attached as a PDF file as is a timeline for the submersible assets. Keep in mind that these are based on some preliminary planning and many unanswered questions must be dealt with before they can be finalized.
Most of the scheduling problems fell in this class. Problems arose primarily because of deferrals from 2003, ROV/Asset availability (and manpower), and timing/weather windows. With input from program managers and hours of scheduling “what ifs” using project management software, the following is a listing of problem cruises and where they fall in the scheduling spectrum.
**********************************************
SCHEDULED, BUT NOT AS REQUESTED
**********************************************
**** Moved to, or candidates to be moved to Intermediate vessels *****
Barbara Hickey - ECOHAB
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2002010814035178
Requested THOMPSON for two 21 day cruises in July
and then Sept of 2003, 2004 & 2005, Intermediate ship only authorized, scheduled
on WECOMA in 2003 and 2004. PI not happy about this and may delay a year in
an effort to get a larger ship. Conflicts with high
demand for large ships on the JDF and other weather dependent areas.
Alex Sessions - GEO 0311824 Collaborative Research:
Hydrogen Isotope Biogeochemistry of Anoxic Environments
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20021104211633Z
Requested REVELLE, Directed by program
manager to be scheduled on an Intermediate. Needs coring equipment. Scheduled on NEW HORIZON
Keil, Richard G. 0099287 Interactions between organic matter
and minerals in marine sediments
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2000081111022479
Requested THOMPSON for two-ship
ops with BARNES. Deferred one year.
Now scheduled on WECOMA and BARNES. This is apparently
ok with PI.
Benitez-Nelson, Claudia
R. 0241645 Collaborative Research: Influences of cyclonic eddy activity
on planktonic food web dynamics and carbon export
in the lee of Hawaii http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020813112339IJ
Request is for KOK. Originally requested
2003/2004. Deferred a year due to timing of funding/panel.
Listed here because scheduling is not certain and could be a candidate for other
ships of opportunity. Narrow timing window in early
to mid November.
Taylor, Brian 0001798 US-Japan Collaborative Research: Multi-scale
seismic imaging of the Mariana Subduction Factory
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2000011523085537
Requests Large ship near Guam/Saipan to recover OBS deployed in June 03. Time window
acceptable to PI's is narrow and there is a little difference between PI's and
OSBIP group. Desires mid May to mid June.
Starting as early as Apr 26 and ending as late as July 9th is acceptable.
Was on MELVILLE LOI from June 12 to July 9 which is later
than desired due to battery life and possibility of Monsoons. Scheduling
earlier is possible on THOMPSON but it would be an April 1 or so start date
in order to start and finish Watts in time to get back to PNW. Decision to use
MELVILLE for Kuehl cruise and cover this project with
WECOMA during desired dates with a two leg, slightly longer cruise.
Saltzman, Eric S. 0221472
Degradation of methyl bromide and methyl chloride in the oceans http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2002021512423089
Might do this cruise on the way back from Guam on WECOMA or
from NEW HORIZON as a triangle from Hawaii or on KILO MOANA.
***Complicated or influenced by submersible assets***
Haymon, Rachel http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020821195630PD
Not scheduled seriously until later in the year, availability
of DSL 120 and then ship are issues. She would like to go earlier in the
year. Shown tentatively on several LOIs, primarily THOMPSON. This should be ok.
Tivey, Maurice A. 0118445
Magnetic and Structural Study of Sub-volcanic Ocean Lithosphere Exposed in Kane
Megamullion, Mid-Atlantic Ridge http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2001022109040123
Shown on KNORR LOI, but we will need to identify an
ROV asset and work out the ABE schedule for it to work where scheduled.
ABE schedule impacts Langmuir and/or McDuff
schedules. ROV schedule conflicts with many. ISIS ROV could solve
that part of the puzzle.
Sohn, Robert A 0137329 Seismicity, Structure,
and Fluid Flow of the TAG Hydrothermal System
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2001081314022742
Similar problems to Tivey, but doesn't need ABE.
Prefers ALVIN, but could use JASON II or ISIS. OBS pickup needs to happen
before the end of March. Other equipment could stay longer, scheduling
of ROV asset biggest problem. OBS could be picked up on separate cruise
with an intermediate size vessel if the weather cooperates.
Embley and Urabe - Ring of Fire
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030206185829ID
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020606050210FH
Needs large ship and ROV near Guam,
early in year. Availability of ROV biggest issue. Could
be done from THOMPSON if they keep JASON II onboard and don't do other projects
before Watts. Shown on THOMPSON LOI's.
***Scheduled. But complicated by other cruises that may cause them problems***
Verdugo, Pedro BES-0120579 Biogeochemistry
and Polymer Physics of Seawater Gels: A New Paradigm for the Microbial Loop
and Global Element Cycles http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2001032214273691
Requested KILO MOANA in March 2004, 6 people in science
party, On KM LOI but would conflict with an early deployment to Lau Basin unless
it can move into February or if Martinez is not started until mid March, which
may be ok.
Buesseler, Ken OCE-0301139 VERTIGO
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020912112838SZ
Requests KILO MOANA for test cruise
and then early summer (June) cruises in 2004 & 2005. On KILO MOANA LOI, but would not be possible to do
this and the Lau Basin, Saltzman and Wells cruises in the same time frame.
3 vans and 26 scientists make this difficult for an intermediate. If Langmuir
cruise is done from another ship or is done after Wells or if Saltzman is done
from another ship, it may be possible to schedule this cruise on KILO MOANA
more or less as requested.
McGuire, Jeffrey J.
0242117 Oceanic Transform Faulting: Foreshocks, Seismic, and Aseismic
Slip on the Quebrada, Discovery, and Gofar
transforms http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020807202644JG
Needs EWING and deploys OBS from LDEO. Availability
of OBS (recovered during Taylor/Wiens) cruise will
dictate earliest time for scheduling this cruise.
Kuehl, Steven A. 0326831 Sediment Dispersal off a High-Yield
River: Observations and Modeling of Gravity-Driven Transport and Deposition
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030205111305HW
Needs a large ship off the East
coast of
**********************************************
NOT REALLY SCHEDULED BY ANYONE
**********************************************
Mix, Alan C.
0242084 Collaborate Research: Developing a paleoceanographic
and paleoclimatic record from the fjords and continental
margin of Southeast Alaska http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020815190454ZO
Needs to be scheduled in August
to September (maybe early October) to avoid marine mammal rookeries and weather
limitations. Seismics
and OSU Coring group. Needs large ship with Dynamic
positioning. Not on any LOI that I can find.
Gregg, Michael C. http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20021115190122BH
Requests REVELLE. Just funded, needs sonar well for
own system, could use THOMPSON with shipyard work. Requests early part of the year. Not on any LOI. Could
be deferred, scheduled in lieu of Guam work or Bach on THOMPSON (long transit
backup) or investigate WECOMA, NEW HORIZON or KILO MOANA.
Nelson, David M.
0322074 Plankton Dynamics and Carbon Cycling in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean:
Control by Fe, Si and Grazing http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030204124849LH
Requests THOMPSON in any Oct/Nov,
south of Hawaii. Not on any LOI.
Candidate for deferral.
Vrijenhoek, Robert C. 0241613 Gene
Flow and Species Diversity in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Communities
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020815131223XQ
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020815132254TP
Needs ALVIN or JASON II for two
cruises, one on the SEPR and one in the Lau Basin. SEPR being considered for 2005 expedition, Lau Basin could
be picked up when JASON II is there for other work either early in the year
or late in the year, or early next year. Early in the year might not be
desirable, because the area will be mapped in the spring of 2004 with DSL 120
and ABE and JASON II work would be more effective after that mapping.
Currently on the REVELLE LOI after other Lau Basin ROV work in late December
– early January 05.
Weller, Robert http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?1999061413335859
NOAA Buoy turnaround in October
off South America. No one nearby,
trying to determine if this will be scheduled on a NOAA vessel (BROWN?) or investigate
use of ENDEAVOR.
HOTS cruises
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030213112013MA
Need 5 day cruise every month.
Stabeno, Phyllis NOAA FOCI work in the Bering Sea
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030206171943ED
Two cruises, one in Apr - June on EWING schedule.
Second cruise in Mid Sept - October, not scheduled. Needs a large ship. These two cruises may not work on
any schedule and at the moment only the EWING is a potential option. HEALY
or an Intermediate might work for the later cruise.
Detrick, Robert 0215670 Development
and Testing of a Deep Water, Acoustically-Linked, Moored-Buoy Seafloor Observatory
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2002011010454785
Two cruises requesting THOMPSON to deploy OBS and
Buoy in the JDF area. Other projects are tied to this buoy deployment.
Consider these cruises for the ATLANTIS.
Bach, Wolfgang 0327448
Hydrothermal Systems in the Eastern Manus Basin: Fluid Chemistry and Magnetic
Structure as Guides to Subseafloor Processes
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030212155249XJ
Request for THOMPSON and JASON II. Could be scheduled that way in early 2004 after a Pockalny cruise on THOMPSON as an alternative
to the Embley/Urabe Ring
of Fire work. This would add to the NSF costs. Otherwise
this cruise could be conducted after the Lau Basin ROV work in early 2005 if
it did not conflict with a schedule for Karson et
al on the SEPR. Candidate for deferral.
******************************************************
MAY BE CANDIDATES FOR DEFERRAL TO 2005
******************************************************
Talley, Lynne D. 0327544 Antarctic Intermediate
Water formation in the southeast Pacific
http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030126185242QH
Needs southern ocean in late austral
winter. Potential for scheduling
on GOULD or PALMER, but needs 38 khz ADCP to be installed.
This will not happen in time for a 2004 cruise
and perhaps not even a 2005 cruise. Will need to be deferred for potential
2005 UNOLS or OPP cruise. Will require a follow-up cruise six months later.
Pinkel, Rob http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030508145623ZG
Needs Pinkel Sonar, western pacific. Could follow
after Lau Basin Jason II work if that is done with REVELLE.
Gaherty, James http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20021021100706HN
OBS cruise, OBSIP driving schedule: Requested 16 sci. days plus transit on Medium vessel. Despite STR,
he will not need seismics. Would like DP and
mulitbeam, therefore medium vessel may not be suitable, but
may be acceptable instead of being deferred. Results from OSBIP meeting:
“OBS's will not be available until Dec 04-Jan 05”
per S. Webb.
Steckler, Michael OCE 0328119 http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030219002133DO
Hi Res MCS M. Marmara
Sea
Duennebier, Fred http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2002012218552457
Deferred at his request, Hawaii
Silver, Eli http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20030212141655RO
Might still be possible to schedule this year on KILO
MOANA or others.
Karson, Jeffrey http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2001120410453165
Defer to early 2005 as part of an expedition to the
SEPR with Vrijenhoek.
Gurnis, Michael OCE 0242078 http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?20020813171702VV
OBSIP/MCS South of
Yogodzinski, Gene 0242585 http://www.gso.uri.edu/cgi-bin/fv.cgi?2000020711134141
Hi Res (LDEO Hi Res system or Ewing?) Aleutians NP5. Narrow weather
window (June - August), also needs DP for station keeping and dredging work.
If this cruise cannot be scheduled during weather window, PI requests deferral
to 2005. It may be possible to schedule this in 2004 on the EWING if is
acceptable.