Name:
S. Kim Juniper
Title:
Associate Professor
Organization:
Université du Québec à Montréal
Address:
C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville
City:
Montréal
State/Province:
Québec
Country:
Canada
ZIP Code:
H3C 3P8
Email:
juniper.kim@uqam.ca
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Hydrothermal
Vent Biology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin,
Nautile, Pisces IV, ROPOS, Jason
3. Workshop Questions: - Fine-scale
spatial relationships in areas of
irregular topography
- Centimetre to millimetre scale thermo-chemical
gradients in the
hydrothermal vent environment
4. Region of Interest: Juan de Fuca
Ridge
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
ROV's, manned subs. Interested
in high resolution seafloor navigation
and fine scale manipulation technologies
6. Abstract:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
2
Margins:
4
Shelf and Coastal:
1
Polar:
3
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
5
Time Series - Short:
4
Expeditionary:
2
Global:
1
Name:
Miriam Kastner
Title:
Professor of Earth Sciences
Organization:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography UCSD
Address:
9500 Gilman Dr. 0212
City:
La Jolla
State/Province:
CA
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
92093-0212
Email:
mkastner@ucsd.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Geochemistry
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin, Nautile, MBARI's ROV
3. Workshop Questions: Future availability of platform(s) for
shallower
and deeper water gas hydrate and subduction zone related research,
especially for long and short range in situ experiments and monitoring
of
processes and kinetics.
4. Region of Interest: Mostly NE Pacific & near Aleutians; off
Peru
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
Like Alvin or ROVs with depth range from 500 to >6,000
m. Interested in
easy access to in situ geochemical and geohydrological short
and long
range monitoring systems, and in situ experiments and analyses
of rates of
processes that may affect global warming and ocean chemistry.
6. Abstract:
In. U.S.A.
* Alvin depth and maximum bottom duration are limiting. Greater
depth
range and longer bottom time would be most helpful.
* Accessibility of one submersible is extremely limiting, long pre-planning
and waiting are necessary; impossible to plan experiments that need
frequent visits in a specific area.
* I see submergence science going in the direction of greater versatility
and geographic distribution. This is essential for visits to
observatories
and for studying and monitoring non-steady-state processes.
I would particularly concentrate on:
(1) in situ kinetic geochemical processes of methane hydrate formation
and
dissociation in margin slopes at a range of water depths, monitor the
impact on water column chemistry and loss of remaining methane to
atmosphere.
(2) On the global importance of fluid seepages in margins, the associated
geochemical fluxes, and contributions to key geochemical cycles.
Directly
related to this objective is the need to improve assessments of fluids
from
continent into ocean and interactions.
(3) On the role of fluids in subduction zone processes; for example,
to
monitor fluid chemistry and fluxes through major thrust faults zones
and
vicinity and during an earthquake cycle.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
4
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 3
Margins:
5
Shelf and Coastal:
4
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
5
Time Series - Long:
3
Time Series - Short:
4
Expeditionary:
2
Global:
5
Name:
William J. Kirkwood
Title:
Associate Director of Engineering
Organization:
Monterey Bay Aquarium research Institute
Address:
7700 Sandholdt Road
City:
Moss Landing
State/Province: California
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
93950
Email:
kiwi@mbari.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Ocean Engineering
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ROV Ventana
ROV Tiburon
ROV Jason
ROV Phantom
AUV Draper Labs
AUV Odyssey II
Other - military applications
3. Workshop Questions: What are the anticipated science directions and
goals for the next generation of platforms? What new places are of
interest and why?
4. Region of Interest: Pacific Rim
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
My interests are in telepresence and temporal expansion
for science
during use of submerged observational platforms. What are the real-time
monitoring and requirements for an active platform capability allowing
science to alter mission profiles and parameters as observations are
occuring? How can technology best support science experiments that
wish
change criteria during a given time sequence without platform recovery?
Proper application of multi-platform coordinated missions for science
to
expand spacial measurements on a given cruise or for a particular
experiement.
6. Abstract:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
2
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 1
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
4
Polar:
5
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
4
Time Series - Long:
3
Time Series - Short:
2
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
1
Email:
kleinrock@vanderbilt.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Marine Geology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin,
Jason, DSL-120, Argo-II, Deep-Tow,
Various Camera sleds.
3. Workshop Questions: My primary
focus is ridge processes and microplate
tectonics. In addition to the passive
and convergent margins, we must
include transform margins.
4. Region of Interest: EPR, MAR, Active
margins
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
submersibles, AUVs, ROVs,
near-bottom sidescan with good bathymetry
6. Abstract:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
2
Margins:
4
Shelf and Coastal:
3
Polar:
3
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
3
Time Series - Short:
3
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
4
Name:
Val Klump
Title:
Senior Scientist
Organization:
U WI-Milwaukee Great Lakes WATER Institute
Address:
600 E. Greenfield Ave
City:
Milwaukee
State/Province:
WI
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
53204
Email:
vklump@uwm.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Geochemistry
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Johnson
Sea Link II, Pices (Russian),
ROV's, benthic lander
3. Workshop Questions: temporal dynamics
of the benthic boundary layer in
coastal systems; in situ monitoring
of hydrothermal venting activity;
exploration of large lake systems
4. Region of Interest: Great Lakes;
Large Lakes of the world; coastal mar
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Primarily ROVs; low cost
AUVs; and intelligent in situ instrumentation
for real time and near real time data
collection and high resolution time
series; micro-sensor technologies;
telemetry technology
6. Abstract:
Submergence science in lacustrine
(freshwater) environments.
One of the major gaps in the current
understanding of coastal systems is in
the realm of short term, mesoscale
physical/biological dynamics. The Great
Lakes, for example, are characterized
largely by their coastal nature and
the biological, chemical and geological
interactions occurring at and
within coastal fronts, boundaries
and interfaces. Processes like vertical
and horizontal mixing, riverine inflow,
alongshore transport by coastal
jets and squirts, and sediment resuspension
are often dominated by episodic
events induced by wind stress and
runoff (storm events ) within the
natural oscillation of seasonality.
In the past researchers have been
restricted to point-in-time sampling
via surface vessels. Severe weather
often is the triggering mechanism
and driving force for many of these
processes, yet, these are also the
conditions that preclude operations of
small coastal research vessels.
To extend our understanding of coastal
dynamics and begin to develop long
time series data sets with high temporal
resolution is a major challenge for
Great Lakes and coastal research
science. Long-term data sets
may allow us to differentiate variance from
true ecological change. The
technology which can allow us to begin to fill
this gap is varied, e.g. in situ instrumentation
with high temporal
measurement frequency, remote telemetry
capabilities, either via hard wire
(e.g. fiber optic) or cellular telephone
links; a variety of measurement
capabilities, including in situ biomonitoring;
and a variety of deployment
strategies, including AUVs, in situ
monitoring station arrays and
intelligent networks. The efficiencies
and advantages of these
technologies include: reduced
man-power requirements, real time or near
real time data collection and display,
high frequency collection and
observation. The availability of high
resolution time series data will
usher in a new era in Great Lakes
science. Within the next 2 decades, the
Great Lakes will become "instrumented
ecosystems" -- acoustic hydrophone
networks that track fish and zooplankton
populations for improved
conservation and management;
acoustic Doppler current profilers that map
the 3-dimensional current structure
of the lake and link to satellite
images of surface current structure
alerting intakes around the shore of
sediment-laden plumes headed their
way; in situ chemical/physical
analyzers, optical systems and biomonitoring
systems using live organisms
to track conditions with increasing
sensitivity in areas like critical
spawning habitats, for example, charting
the abundance of zooplankton
forage for highly susceptible larval
fish, giving fisheries biologists
early signs of recruitment strength,
etc. In addition, the impact of
climate change on the Great Lakes
is currently subject to considerable
speculation. Long term
trends in both localized and system-wide
temperature fields, seasonal transitions,
ice cover, etc. are susceptible
to subtle changes with significant
impacts.
In addition, large lakes represent
a unique set of ecologically and
geographically diverse systems
that are largely unexplored, including, in
addition to the Laurentian Great Lakes,
some of the oldest intact
freshwater ecosystems in the world
-- Lake Victoria and the rift valley
lakes of east Africa (Tanganyika,
Malawi), Lake Baikal (Siberia). With
manned systems generally difficult
and expensive to mobilize to remote
areas, the portability and flexibility
of ROVs, AUVs and instrument
packages with state-of-the-art observational
and experimental capabilities
would be extremely useful for exploration
and research. While relatively
shallow compared to the oceans, these
systems do reach depths of ~1700
meters in the case of L. Baikal.
Our lab has used both manned submersibles
and remotely operated vehicles
in large lake systems.
In the last several years we have used ROV's
extensively. This research has
included: the exploration and sampling of
sublacustrine hydrothermal vent systems
in the Yellowstone caldera
(Yellowstone Lake); studies
of benthic biogeochemistry in large lake
systems, including in situ studies
of chemical sediment-water exchange
using benthic flux chambers, micro-electrode
profilers and sediment coring;
and studies of particle dynamics in
coastal plumes using in situ sampling
techniques for short lived radionuclide
particle tracers (Th-224, Be-7,
Th-229, etc.). Deployments
have been carried out both aboard ship during
the open water season and through
the ice in winter. Limitations on
sampling are dictated by manipulation
capabilities, payload, tool packages
and sensor technology. Improvements
in bottom topography (multi-beam
sonar), precision navigation, and
dynamic positioning would also be a great
help.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
3
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
5
Polar:
3
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
4
Time Series - Long:
3
Time Series - Short:
4
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
5
Name:
Lisa A. Levin
Title:
Professor
Organization:
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Address:
9500 Gilman Dr.
City:
La Jolla
State/Province:
California
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
92093-0218
Email:
llevin@ucsd.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Deep Sea Biology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ALVIN,
SeaLink, Delta, Pisces,
SeaCliff, Scorpio, Phantom
3. Workshop Questions: What improvements
can be made in deep submergence
sampling and manipulative capabilities?
Can extended bottom time be achieved
for manned submersibles working deep
(4000-6000 m)?
4. Region of Interest: N. Pacific,
S. Pacific, Indian Ocean
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Submersibles, ROVs -
sediment sampling capabilities.
6. Abstract:
I will forward this at a later time.
(Right now I'm between cruises and
workshops).
Lisa
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
2
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
3
Margins:
5
Shelf and Coastal:
4
Polar:
1
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
2
Time Series - Long:
2
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
3
Global:
3
Name:
Don Liberatore
Title:
Chief Submersible Pilot & Manager, Undersea Vehicles
Organization:
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Inc.
Address:
5600 U.S. 1 North
City:
Fort Pierce
State/Province:
Florida
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
34946
Email:
liberatore@hboi.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Deep Submergence
Vehicle Operator
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Johnson-Sea-Links
I & II, Research
Submersible Clelia (PC1204), Hysub
40, HBOI Rescue ROV
3. Workshop Questions: How can currently
available shallow water (i.e.,
less than 1500 m) submergence technology
be better utilized by the
scientific community?
4. Region of Interest: "shallow"(i.e.,
less than 1500 m) worldwide
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Manned submersible systems
with benthic collection platforms, adapted
for collection and transport of organisms
from extreme environments (e.g.,
high pressure, low temperature).
6. Abstract:
Capabilities for UNOLS supported submergence
science should include access
to vehicles and platforms for research
at all depth zones. Advancements in
submergence science in the next decade
should be a coordinated and
complementary approach to addressing
questions not only related to physical
and geochemical processes, but also
to the plants, animals, and microbes
(both benthic and pelagic) that are
affected by and which have an effect on
those physical and geochemical processes.
Enchancements of manned
submersibles, ROV's, and AUV,s should
be complementary to developments in
remote platforms and sensing systems.
Technological limitations of the platforms
I currently use are related to
the collection and maintenance of
organisms from extreme environments.
Development of tools for more precise
collection of benthic invertebrates,
sensors for monitoring physiological
processes in situ, and in situ
preparation of samples for molecular
and cellular biology would enhance the
research I currently conduct on deep
water benthic invertebrate models to
investigate fundamental processes
in cellular and molecular biology.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
1
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
2
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
5
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
1
Time Series - Long:
1
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
2
Global:
1
Name:
Dave Lovalvo
Title:
President
Organization:
Eastern Oceanics
Address:
25 Limekiln Road
City:
West Redding
State/Province: CT
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
06896
Phone Number:
(203) 938-9902
Email:
eoceanics@compuserve.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Deep Submergence Vehicle Operator
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin
Jason
Pisces
Oceanic Explorer
Hydrolab
Minirovers
Phantoms
3. Workshop Questions: ROV capabilities needed by the Science comunity1
4. Region of Interest: Various
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
6. Abstract:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
1
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 3
Margins:
1
Shelf and Coastal: 5
Polar:
3
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
2
Time Series - Long: 4
Time Series - Short: 4
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
3
Email: lupton@pmel.noaa.gov
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Geochemistry
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin, Shinkai 6500, Pisces, Sea Cliff,
Navy's ATV, ROPOS
3. Workshop Questions: pro and cons of ROV's vs. manned submersibles,
development of new technologies for seafloor sampling. future
use of AUV's
4. Region of Interest: Mid-ocean ridges, mainly in Pacific Ocean
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
both ROV's and manned submersibles, possibly AUV's.
interested in
development of technologies for vent fluid and hydrothermal plume sampling
6. Abstract:
The principal technological limitations in the use of submersibles
and
ROV's in my research include: a) limitations in the ability to collect
reliable fluid samples on the seafloor, especially using ROV's, and
b) the
absence of any capability for seafloor observations and sample collections
in a rapid response mode. The problem of collection of fluid
samples is
improving slowly, mainly through development of new sampling systems
by
scientists working in conjunction with submersible engineers.
However,
currently very little capability exists for rapid response observations
on
the seafloor. For example, one scientific problem which could
be solved by
a rapid response observations is the question of how hydrothermal event
plumes or megaplumes are formed. These huge hydrothermal plumes,
which
have been observed in the water column immediately after seafloor
eruptions, are assumed to be generated by the rapid release of a large
volume of hot water. However, it is still being hotly debated
whether they
are formed as a direct result of a seafloor lava flow, or by sudden
release
of fluid contained in a subsurface crustal reservoir. The use
of the SOSUS
submarine hydrophones has provided the capability to detect
volcanic/hydrothermal events on the mid-ocean ridge system in real
time.
The rapid deployment of an ROV or AUV immediately after such an event
is
detected would probably allow the direct observation of megaplumes
as they
are being formed.
Capabilities which should
be generally available for submergence
science include high quality video in real time, precise navigation,
the
ability to collect a wide variety of samples (biological, fluid, rock,
etc.) and convey them to the surface, and the ability to make a variety
of
measurements such as temperature, acoustical measurements, etc.
In
general, the ideal submersible platform should have the versatility
to
accommodate a wide variety of scientific instrumentation and the payload
to
use it on the seafloor.
For the future, the trend
seems to be toward increasing use of
ROV's rather than manned submersibles. For my science, the most
serious
drawback of ROV's seems to be one of limited space and payload and
therefore limited sample collection capability. However, this
limitation
is improving slowly through the use of elevators and the development
of
new, compact sampling devices. The continued development of autonomous
or
untethered vehicles is also very exciting, since these are the platforms
which are likely to be the most useful for rapid response observations
on
the seafloor and in the water-column.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 2
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
1
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
5
Time Series - Long:
3
Time Series - Short:
3
Expeditionary:
3
Global:
3
Name:
George W. Luther, III
Title:
Professor
Organization:
University of Delaware
Address:
College of Marine Studies
City:
Lewes
State/Province: DE
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
19958
Email:
luther@udel.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Ocean Chemistry
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: DSV Alvin
Eastern Oceanics' ROV
3. Workshop Questions: Interaction of chemistry with biology - including
origins of life and life in extreme environments
4. Region of Interest: N EPR, S EPR, Guaymas basin, Juan de Fuca
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
submersibles, ROV, AUV
development of analytical tools that can be deployed at a site for
short
term and long term monitoring and which can be left unattended
6. Abstract:
A) current technological limitations
For short term and long term
continuous deployment of analytical
equipment, we need to find ways to do real time monitoring and downloading
of data if we are to react to subsurface events that can occur.
Telemetry
could be used for changing an instrument's settings to collect data
and to
transmit the data to a ship or land based laboratory. Having
multiple
types of one chemical analysis system would allow information to be
collected at one site while another system could be used in survey
mode.
The cost of chemical analyzers can be high when multiple chemical species
are being measured, but this is exactly what is needed in many environments
to understand geochemical and biological processes. The speciation
of an
element is an important indicator of whether that element is essential
to
different life forms. Electrochemical methods have been underutilized
to
date.
A major problem in analytical
equipment design is incorporating in
one device the ability to measure biological, chemical and physical
data
which needs to be incorporated with video displays of the environment.
B) Capabilities available for submergence science
Integrating in situ biological,
physical and chemical analyses/data
to better understand biological and biochemical processes is necessary.
There has not been an extensive literature demonstrating this integration.
Better methods to show the chemical forms of an element are also necessary.
For example, the complexation of sulfide with metals affects the uptake
of
metals (for enzymes) and/or sulfide (chemosynthesis) by organisms that
require these chemical species.
C) Submergence science is heading in several directions. I note
a few
possibilities: (1) better chemical sensors need to be developed for
short
term and long term monitoring needs, (2) better chemical sensors that
can
make reliable measurements at high temperatures and pressures and that
can
give information on the chemical speciation of an element, (3) better
integration of the oceanographic sub-disciplines is necessary to tackle
problems/questions in a concerted effort, (4) an increased effort directed
at diffuse flow systems at vents/seeps to understand the development
and
sustaining of biological communities.
Dr. Marv Lilley recently asked me to be a breakout leader on a session
regarding short term time series.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
2
Margins:
4
Shelf and Coastal:
5
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
3
Time Series - Short:
5
Expeditionary:
4
Global:
4
Name:
Richard A. Lutz
Title:
Professor
Organization:
Rutgers - The State University
Address:
71 Dudley Road
City:
New Brunswick
State/Province: NJ
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
08901-8521
Email:
rlutz@ahab.rutgers.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Hydrothermal Vent Biology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin; JASON; Atlantis II; Atlantis;
Turtle; Lulu; Shinkai 6500; Nautile
3. Workshop Questions: What successional changes occur in biological,
geological and chemical parameters and/or features over the "life"
of a
hydrothermal system?
4. Region of Interest: 9 degrees 50' N along the East Pacific Rise
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
Alvin, JASON, and ABE. Specific interests include
development and
testing of state-of-the-art imaging systems.
6. Abstract:
Current technological limitations on my research include the
lack of
high-quality, state-of-the-art imaging systems as standard equipment
on
Alvin and JASON. The lack of such systems severely limits our
ability to
document temporal changes in biological and geological features present
at
deep-sea hydrothermal systems. To date, we have been forced to
rely on the
use of imaging systems which are not part of the "standard equipment"
arsenal of either Alvin or JASON and the associated logistical and
financial difficulties have been problematic. Given the widespread
utilzation of imaging systems across essentially all oceanographic
disciplines, state-of-the-art systems should be much more readily available
for submergence science. Given the recent compelling evidence
for the
existence of past and present oceans on extraterrestrial bodies, I
see over
the coming decade a much closer tie between NSF and NASA-sponsored
research.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 2
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
1
Polar:
1
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
2
Time Series - Long:
5
Time Series - Short:
4
Expeditionary:
2
Global:
1
Name:
Alexander MALAHOFF
Title:
Director
Organization:
NOAA's National Undersea Research Center for Hawaii
& the Pacific
Address:
University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Rd, MSB 319
City:
Honolulu
State/Province: HI
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
96822
Phone Number:
(808) 956-6802
Email:
malahoff@soest.hawaii.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Ocean Engineering
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: MIR I & MIR II, Seacliff,
Turtle, NR-1,
Makali'i, Pisces IV, Pisces V, Shinkai 2000, Shinkai 6500, Alvin
3. Workshop Questions: Hydrothermal vent monitoring & sampling
4. Region of Interest: Pacific Ocean
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
Manned sumbersible, ROVs, ocean bottom observatories
6. Abstract:
My current research work involves detailed chemical and microbiological
sampling of the hydrothermal vent environment. I would like
to develop a
working model for the relationships between microbiological density
and
diversity, hydrothermal deposition, and the rate of fluctuations
in
distribution and temperature and chemistry of the vent waters.
I would
like to see long-term observations and monitoring of specific vents,
especially those on Loihi submarine volcano where I am currently
working.
The technologies I am seeking include contamination-resistant probes,
contamination-resistant time lapse photography, and a system to
transmit
the data acoustically from the observatories to the surface.
I am particularly interested in the long-term fluctuations of the
metal
content of the vent fluids. Furthermore, I would like to
see supplemental
data on the seismicity, temperature, and inflation and deflation
of the
volcanic structure on which the vents are located.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 4
Margins:
1
Shelf and Coastal: 1
Polar:
1
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
5
Time Series - Long: 5
Time Series - Short: 5
Expeditionary:
4
Global:
3
Name:
Laurence P. Madin
Title:
Senior Scientist
Organization:
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Address:
City:
Woods Hole
State/Province: MA
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
02543
Email:
lmadin@whoi.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Deep Sea Biology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Alvin
Johnson Sea Links
Deep Rover
WASP
3. Workshop Questions: Submersible assets for midwater investigations
4. Region of Interest: any part of the open ocean
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
manned submersibles with exceptional visibility and
maneuverability for
water column work
ROV's equipped for survey and transect work, including multifrequency
acoustics and high-resolution video
improved collecting equipment for delicate organisms
6. Abstract:
My research interests include the biology of meso- and bathypelagic
zooplankton and fishes, particularly gelatinous forms. These
organisms
inhabit the largest habitat on earth, but are often sparsely distributed
and extremely fragile, making them difficult to sample and to study
alive.
Net and trawl collections provide limited insights into the diversity
and
ecology of this fauna, and even these are rarely made nowadays
below the
photic zone, or 1000 m at best. Because of the size of the
water column
environment, and the fluid distibution of organisms within it,
biological
investigations there are still largely explorations. Unlike
benthic or
vent habitats, the midwater offers no fixed "sites" to return to
and use
for manipulative or time-series studies. Study areas can
be predetermined
to some extent based on depth, or acoustic information, but midwater
research unavoidably involves considerable time searching for organisms
and
situations of interest. At present a major technological
limitation for
this research is the inability to scan large volumes of water and
detect
relatively small and sparse organisms, many of which are rather
invisible
to both light and sound. Another limitation is the artifact
effect of a
large, illuminated and noisy submersible within a normally dark
and silent
environment. A third constraint is the cost and and logistical
difficulty
of spending enough time at midwater depths to make the kinds of
collections
and observations that are required to understand diversity and
function in
these organisms.
Submersibles like the Johnson Sea-Link and the Deep Rover have proven
to be
valuable assets for midwater exploration, offering excellent panoramic
visibility, specialized collecting and recording tools, pilots
experienced
in midwater operations, and relatively low operating costs.
Their
availability is limited mainly by a lack of funding for midwater
research
programs, and to some extent by their depth limitations.
Time limits on
manned submersible use could be alleviated by the coordinated deployment
of
ROV's to do the larger scale survey work, and help pick times or
depth
ranges for manned submersible operations. ROVs or smaller
submersibles
could alleviate the artifact problem or noise and light, but may
lack the
necessary payload for sampling and other gear.
The U.S. submersible science assets need to include vehicles optimum
for
use in the midwater environment as well as on the bottom.
Depth capability
to at least 4000 m would be desirable for future midwater work,
but a great
deal could still be accomplished with greater funding support for
use of
the existing 1000 m subs. Remote or autonomous vehicles will
be important
new assets, used either alone or in support of manned vehicles.
As with
benthic investigations, there will remain a need for a human presence
in
midwater for some time to come.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
1
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 5
Margins:
1
Shelf and Coastal: 4
Polar:
4
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
1
Time Series - Long: 1
Time Series - Short: 3
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
5
Name:
Russell McDuff
Title:
Professor and Associate Director
Organization:
University of Washington School of Oceanography
Address:
Box 357940
City:
Seattle
State/Province: WA
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
98195-7940
Phone Number:
206-543-3058
Email:
mcduff@ocean.washington.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Geochemistry
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ALVIN, Jason
3. Workshop Questions: What are the fluxes of heat and mass from
hydrothermal systems?
4. Region of Interest: NE Pacific for development, elsewhere on
the MOR.
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
ROVs and especially AUVs. Needed are the ability
to conduct very long
dives with closely spaced (1-10 meter) lines.
6. Abstract:
My principal current interest is the measurement of fluxes of heat
and
materials from hydrothermal vent systems using an approach of making
measurements of velocity and tracer fields in rising plumes.
We are still
at the stage of establishing methods and protocols to yield adequate
precision; ultimately it is important to make time series measurements.
This kind of work has proven to be unwieldy and inefficient from
ALVIN, is
conducted with substantial difficulty from Jason, and we expect
to find in
Summer 2000 quite feasible from ABE. However the state of
development of
ABE is far from the ultimate goal of unattended operation at the
seafloor
for extended periods of time, a necessary prerequisite to producing
meaningful time series data. A wide variety of time series
studies could
make a very effective transition to AUVs if sufficient resources
were put
in this direction.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean: 1
Margins:
2
Shelf and Coastal: 1
Polar:
1
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
2
Time Series - Long: 5
Time Series - Short: 3
Expeditionary:
1
Global:
1
Email:
mcwhjon@isu.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Ocean Engineering
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: US
Navy Nuclear Submarine
3. Workshop Questions:
4. Region of Interest: Worldwide
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Development and design
of autonomous, long-duration submersible
research platforms
6. Abstract:
a)
b) I believe that the oceans
should be explored at a much faster pace
than is presently possible.
This pace can only be increased by expanding
the total underwater on-station time
duration. This increase can be
accomplished by increasing the on-station
time duration of each
submersible and by increasing the
total number of submersibles. I
believe we can accomlish this by developing
a long-duration research
submersible with lab facilities on-board.
Such a submersible could be
"parked" at a position of scientific
interest, and multiple ROV's
deployed to accomplish a very intense
exploration of the position, as
well as bringing aboard specimens
for other study, and not to dismiss
simple visual observation.
SO, to put an exclamation point on
this, I believe we should have between
10 and 100 long-duration (3-6 months)
6000 m capabable research
submersibles.
c)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
1
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
4
Margins:
1
Shelf and Coastal:
1
Polar:
1
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
1
Time Series - Long:
1
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
4
Global:
4
Name:
Hugh Milburn
Title:
Engineering Division Leader
Organization:
NOAA/PMEL
Address:
7600 Sand Point Way
City:
Seattle
State/Province: WA
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
98115
Email:
milburn@pmel.noaa.gov
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Ocean Engineering
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ALVIN
ROPOS
3. Workshop Questions: NONE - we provide engineering support for science.
4. Region of Interest: Primarily NE Pacific
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
Advocate ROVs for most subsea tasks. See growing
role for AUVs.
6. Abstract:
An engineer's perspective:
ROVs will play and increasingly important role
in deep submergence
science but must become more user friendly with decreased complexity,
generic tools, 3D viewing, improved manipulative capabilities, and
other
natural evolutionary improvements. However, I feel
the most significant
advancement we will make in deep submergence in the next decade will
be
with AUVs. They will map and image the seafloor, sample and observe
the
water column, and generally probe the depths at low costs and throughout
the seasons. At present we are technically challenged by
communications
and power limitations which will continue to plague the integration
of
these tools. However, autonomous vehicles are the ideal tool
for event
response and significant efforts should be focused on this application.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
Margins:
Shelf and Coastal:
Polar:
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
1
Time Series - Long:
Time Series - Short:
Expeditionary:
Global:
Name:
David Naar
Title:
Associate Professor
Organization:
University of South Florida
Address:
140 Seventh Avenue South
City:
St. Petersburg
State/Province:
FL
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
33701-5016
Email:
naar@marine.usf.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Marine Geophysics
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Nautile
3. Workshop Questions: Can Alvin be
used to investigate deep (6km) tectonic
windows into the lower crust and upper
mantle in areas such as Pito Deep
and Terevaka (4500m+) transform zone
where peridotite was obtained.
4. Region of Interest: Fast seafloor
spreading areas in the South Pacific
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Alvin with 6500 meter
water depth capability
Rock Drilling
Paleomagnetic measurements
Oriented Samples
6. Abstract:
a) What are the current technological
limitations on your research, and
what science could you do if these
problems did not exist?
Alvin cannot go
deep enough to look at the lower portions of tectonic
windows at Hess Deep, Pito Deep, Endeavor
Deep, and some
relict deep holes in the south Pacific
at failed rifts, failed propagating
rift tips, transform faults and fractures
zones.
b) What capabilities should be generally available for submergence science?
The ability
to dive deeper will not only be of use in regards to
exploring tectonic windows formed
at propagating rift tips, but also along
fracture zones and even in trenches
where one might be interested in the
actual contact between a subducting
plate and the overriding plate.
Potential to discover new life forms
also seems likely in deeper water
depths.
c) Where do you see submergence science going in the next decade?
Deeper, longer
duration, complete digital data acquisition, and more
deliverables in terms of different
type of sensors, especially
physical and chemical measurements
of the water column and sediment water
interface. I envision long expanding
telescopic probes sampling deeper and
deeper into the fractures, sediments,
in an effort to
better understand the edges of the
crustal biosphere.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
1
Margins:
2
Shelf and Coastal:
4
Polar:
3
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
1
Time Series - Short:
2
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
4
Email:
ais@aishome.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Ocean Chemistry
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ROV's
Alvin
3. Workshop Questions: What analytical
instruments will be required for
deep sea research in the future
4. Region of Interest: none
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Development of analytical
methods and instruments for the analysis of
the water column or sediments.
6. Abstract:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
6
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
2
Margins:
2
Shelf and Coastal:
5
Polar:
4
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
4
Time Series - Short:
5
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
3
Name:
Scott Olson
Title:
Systems Engineer, Marine Operations Division
Organization:
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
Address:
5600 North U.S. Highway One
City:
Fort Pierce
State/Province:
Florida
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
34946
Email:
olson@hboi.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Deep Submergence
Vehicle Operator
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Johnson
Sea Links HOV
Clelia HOV
Scoop ROV
Low Cost ROV's
3. Workshop Questions: organizational
4. Region of Interest: U.S. out to
1000m
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
HOV's and ROV's with
the best tools and operating efficiencies possible.
6. Abstract:
This is the perfect opportunity for
science users of all types of
underwater vehicles, regardless of
their depth capability, to let their
needs and desires be heard at a national
level. DESSC currently only
represents the National Deep Submergence
Facility (WHOI) and thus all other
assets are not represented by any
agency on any level. Without funding,
scheduling, technical, or safety coordination,
how can the scientific
community obtain the most efficient
and cost effective tools for its
research?
Two years ago DESSC sent out a questionnaire
to 420 u/w vehicle scientific
users. The reults are published
on the UNOLS website in the SeaCliff Work
Group report. Of the 120 responses,
just about as many scientists reported
a need for access to the continental
shelf/slopes as they did for access to
abyssal depths in the next ten years.
Yet, to this day, other "Human"
Occupied Submersibles are not eligible
for NSF funding because they are not
UNOLS "classed" vessels.
Meanwhile other agencies do not hesitate to fund
all available platforms. Perhaps
the DESSC charter should once again be
broadened to include eligible systems
that meet peer controlled standards,
much as UNOLS presently does with
its research vessel programs and
committees.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
4
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
1
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
5
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
2
Time Series - Long:
1
Time Series - Short:
3
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
4
Name:
Daniel Orange
Title:
Research Scientist
Organization:
U.C. Santa Cruz
Address:
Dept. Earth Sciences - UCSC
City:
Santa Cruz
State/Province:
CA
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
95064
Email:
dano@es.ucsc.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Marine Geology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: HOV:
ALVIN
ROV: Ventana, Ropos, JASON, ATV
3. Workshop Questions: Seeps, seafloor
instability, canyons, shelf-slope
sediment accumulation and modification.
4. Region of Interest: USA (west coast,
gulf of mexico), Australia
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Heavy (work-horse) ROV
improved seafloor mapping systems
(resolution, bathy, bacscatter)
Remote interrogation of instrumentation
6. Abstract:
a) What are the current technological
limitations on your research, and
what science could you do if these
problems did
not exist?
Limitations can be lumped into a few
categories, and are not shared by
all platforms:
- payload. More is better.
- real-time navigation. Specifically
Alvin - we need to be able to see
where we are on our base maps in the
ball.
- returning to sites. A minor point,
but long-term beacons left at sites
of interest would be an asset.
- field of view/operations. Anthropogenic
ROVs, with a work area and
cameras pointed to the front, do not
take full advantage to the 360
degree/full spherical operational
and visual area. I would like to be
able to deploy and peer in various
directions during operations.
b) What capabilities should be generally
available for submergence
science?
my preference, after considering the
trade-offs, would be to maintain
ALVIN as a 4500 m sub, but improve
it’s power, manipulation, etc.
I would prefer a suite of ROVs so that
I could select the one appropriate
for a particular project (a light,
nimble one for surveying, and a heavey
brute for sampling).
c) Where do you see submergence science going in the next decade?
I would like to see the development
of a survey AUV capable of deployment
from a platform-of-interest. I would
like to see a range of ROVs, and an
improvement in our surveying capabilities.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
2
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
1
Margins:
5
Shelf and Coastal:
4
Polar:
3
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
4
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
2
Email:
perfit@geology.ufl.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Marine Geology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ALVIN,
ROPOS, Makalii, SeaMarkII,
3. Workshop Questions: What types of
tools do we need to develop for
research in the near future? for the
next 20-30 years? Do we need to
expend limited funds and energy to
develop a 6000+ HOV? Do we need
another national facility on the west
coast? How can we best use the
existing facilities to do time series
experiments, service observatories
and continue global exploration?
How can we enlist the support
(financial!) of the Navy and NOAA
to strengthen and expand our deep
submergence facilities and science
programs?
4. Region of Interest: Northern and
Southern Pacific, W. Pacific
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
HOV's, ROV's,
Wide area photo / video documentation
tied to high-resolution side-scan
images, rock sampling and coring
devices, in-situ chemical analyses of
rock samples, eruption monitoring,
new mapping techniques,
6. Abstract:
As previously stressed by both the
SEACLIFF Working Group and the DESSC
during the past few years, there are
a number of critical areas which
must be addressed if the U.S. is going
to continue to be a leader in the
science and technology of deep ocean
research. They are:
o a focused, cost-effective, and technically
capable national deep
submergence facility or facilities
and operator(s),
o an integrated mix of vehicle systems
including human occupied vehicles
(HOVs), remotely operated vehicles
(ROVs), tethered mapping systems and
autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs),
o a stable, federal funding base to
support science, technology and
enabling vehicle and ship facilities
in the deep ocean with a lead
federal agency to help advocate for
a unified submergence program in the
21st century.
I would like to summarize some of the
important concerns and objectives
that the scientific community raised
in response to a questionnaire
regarding the future of deep submergence
science in 1997. I believe
these points remain true today.
1. there
are many important science questions to be answered and
objectives to be met at depths greater
than 4500m,
2. there
is a critical need to maintain the excellent HOV capability
that now exists in ALVIN to 4500m,
3. there
is support for having a 6000m HOV capability provided the
costs are not prohibitive and the
impact to conducting science in the
more traditional depth range of ~2500-4000
m is not negatively impacted,
and
4. we
should support the critical need for new ROV and AUV
development, specifically the development
of a science dedicated ROV with
a 9000m depth capability that should
enter service within the next 5-7
years.
Community response indicated there
is strong support for HOV depth
capability to 6,000m, and deeper for
ROVs, to allow for research over a
wide range of tectonic, sedimentologic
and geographic environments. The
continued need for an HOV at abyssal
depths and possibly as deep as
6000m. Providing the right complement
of deep submergence vehicles and
versatile support ships from which
they can operate, and the funding to
operate those facilities cost-effectively,
will be critical.
There has been a shift from expeditionary and exploratory work to
time-series studies and establishing
seafloor observatories that are
visited at yearly or bi-yearly intervals
to observe and record temporal
variations and interrelationships
between various physical and biological
processes. The establishment
of ocean bottom observatories, the
capability of long-term monitoring
of specific sites and the
interdisciplinary nature of current
studies are trends in deep-sea
research that will continue to grow
over the next decade. For these
reasons the community will need more
vehicles that can accomplish a wide
variety of tasks. However, this same
scientific impetus will likely
reinvigorate the exploratory style
of deep-ocean science, given the very
small percentage of the deep ocean
floor that has been surveyed and
sampled in detail. I believe that
in order to be successful in the coming
decade (at least) we need new fiber-optic
based ROVs and tethered systems
that can be used in with other vehicles
(such as AUVs) in nested
investigations that will allow us
to map and sample at many different
spatial (and temporal) scales.
The biggest technological limitation to my current research is
obtaining enough, well-located samples
during a dive. Time on bottom,
manipulator difficulties, limitations
of sample storage and the trade-off
between time used for sampling versus
distance traveled all influence the
number of rock samples recovered.
During multidisciplinary cruises,
these factors also negatively impact
scientists with other specialties.
"Hardrock" marine geologists are also
limited because there are no
current methods of "in situ" chemical
or mineralogic analysis in the
abyss. New developments in optical
sensors may be adapted to the
deep-sea which would allow us to map
individual flow units, determine
extents of chemical variability, locate
regions of mineralization and
alteration and to estimate ages of
the seafloor.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
5
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
3
Margins:
4
Shelf and Coastal:
1
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
4
Time Series - Long:
5
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
3
Global:
2
Name:
RADM Richard F. Pittenger, USN (Ret.)
Title:
Associate Director for Marine Operations
Organization:
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Address:
Mail Stop #37
City:
Woods Hole
State/Province: MA
Country:
USA
ZIP Code:
02543
Email:
rpittenger@whoi.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Field of Expertise: Deep Submergence Vehicle Operator
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: ALVIN, ROVs
3. Workshop Questions: What are the five-year, ten-year, fifteen-year
projections of scientific requirements for
deep submersible tools?
4. Region of Interest: Wherever science wants to go.
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated for work/technology
development:
HOVs, ROVs, AUVs, towed imaging/sensor systems and
associated shipboard and shore-side support, control
and post-processing infrastructure.
6. Abstract:
6a. N/A
6b. The community should be served with a family of affordable,
reliable, accessible tools that include the following:
- One HOV with 6000+ meter depth capability that builds on the
present good features of ALVIN (reliability, adaptability, low cost)
and improves manipulators, navigation, payload and propulsion power,
comfort and "in-ball" ergonomics. The community has repeatedly
stated the need for human cognitive presence in the benthic abyss.
They have further stated the concern that ALVIN not be degraded in
the process of "upgrades" - "Don't screw it up in the process
of trying to make it better!" By that, I take it to mean,
"Keep ALVIN adroit and functional as it is today."
- A very capable ROV that takes advantage of the population of
.680 winches and fiber optic wires now in the academic fleet.
Deeper, more propulsion/payload power, better manipulators
and sampling, more easily adaptable to changing science packages.
This is the program now underway to build the next generation
ROV (JASON II) at WHOI with WHOI, NSF and ONR funding.
- Perhaps a less capable ROV for simpler benthic projects.
- Towed instruments for nested benthic surveys with acoustic
phase bathymetry, backscatter, photometry, magnetics, gravimetry
and other physical and chemical sensor packages.
- AUVs. This is a maturing field that will, in the next
decade
become increasingly capable of expanding the capabilities of
research ships. AUVs should have the ability to sample in better
detail than is possible by any other means and should be left in
place for periods of up to six months as part of deep ocean
observatories.
6c. Deep submergence is one of the most dynamic and
forward-thinking/moving branches of oceanography. The discoveries
in the mid-ocean ridge portion (plate dynamics, seismicity,
volcanism, and vent chemistry and fauna have only begun. This
work has been enabled by benthic science tools (ALVIN,
ARGO/MEDEA/JASON and Deep-Tow in particular). More vents are
being found as new portions of the ridge are explored, each has its
own characteristics. The community is beginning to show interest
in
the deeper portions of the ocean; in the trenches and the deep
abyssal plains. The science in these regions has only been
scratched. I expect deep submergence will do the following:
- Continue to study and explore the 50,000 km long mid ocean
ridge
system;
- Expand its research in the deeper portions of the oceans -
trenches, margins and abyss;
- Demand increasingly more capable vehicles and instruments.
- Eventually deep submergence will outgrow the array of tools
presently on hand and in development. Extrapolating, I foresee
the generation-after-next tools being:
. deeper .
remote
. cheaper .
more power
. stronger . more
adroit
. tele-connected
- Through all of this evolution, we should remain mindful and
responsible as to the cost of these science tools and not
over-stretch our (the Federal Agencies) ability to ensure at least
one set of well-maintained and effective tools in the community.
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INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
3
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
4
Margins:
5
Shelf and Coastal:
1
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
3
Time Series - Long:
2
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
5
Global:
4
Email:
pomponi@hboi.edu
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1. Field of Expertise: Deep Sea Biology
2. Submergence Platform(s) Used: Johnson-Sea-Links
I & II, Research
Submersible Clelia (PC1204), Hysub
40
3. Workshop Questions: What platforms
are available from UNOLS for
scientists who wish to work in depths
less than 15000m? How can currently
available shallow water (i.e., less
than 1500 m) submergence technology be
better utilized by the scientific
community?
4. Region of Interest: "shallow" (i.e.,
less than 1500 m) worldwide
5. Types of submergence systems anticipated
for work/technology
development:
Manned submersible systems
with benthic collection platforms, adapted
for collection and transport of organisms
from extreme environments (e.g.,
high pressure, low temperature)
6. Abstract:
Capabilities for UNOLS-supported submergence
science should include access
to vehicles and platforms for research
at all depth zones. Advancements in
submergence science in the next decade
should be a coordinated and
complementary approach to addressing
questions not only related to physical
and geochemical processes, but also
to the plants, animals, and microbes
(both benthic and pelagic) that are
affected by and which have an effect on
those physical and geochemical processes.
Enchancements of manned
submersibles, ROV's and AUV's should
be complementary to developments in
remote platforms.
Technological limitations of the platforms
I currently use are related to
the collection and maintenance of
organisms from extreme environments.
Development of tools for more precise
collection of benthic invertebrates,
sensors for monitoring physiological
processes in situ, and in situ
preparation of samples for molecular
and cellular biology would enhance the
research I currently conduct on deep
water benthic invertebrates. I am
specifically interested in the development
of deep water marine
invertebrate models to investigate
fundamental processes in cellular and
molecular biology.
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INTEREST IN SCIENCE BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Ridge Processes:
1
The Abyss/Open Ocean:
2
Margins:
3
Shelf and Coastal:
5
Polar:
2
INTEREST IN TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKOUT SESSIONS (1=LOW 5=HIGH)
Event Response:
1
Time Series - Long:
1
Time Series - Short:
1
Expeditionary:
2
Global:
1